Sentence Completion
You must choose the word or phrase that correctly completes the sentence.
1. Subject or Noun Phrase
A single subject or a short noun phrase is the testing point in this category. The noun might be the main subject of the sentence, a part of a clause, or an appositive (a phrase that names the noun in another way). This category also includes the words it and there when they are nonreferential subjects.)
EXAMPLE:
__________new diseases has engaged many researchers since the last decade.
(A) By studying
(B) The study of
(C) An important study
(D) Now that the study
2. Word Order
In this category the answer choices contain all or almost all of the right words, but three of the answers give the words in the wrong order.
EXAMPLE:
Hot springs are formed when water that has passed near recently formed hot igneous rocks emerges ___________
(A) not far below the surface
(B) the surface not far below
(C) below the not far surface
(D) not far the surface below
3. Subject + Verb
Both the subject and the verb are in the answer choices. The subject and verb might be the main subject and verb of the sentence, or they might be in a subordinate clause. Sometimes the verb and subject are reversed for emphasis. (See lesson 15 for examples of this.)
EXAMPLE:
In 1750 B.C. ___________the most famous collection of early laws.
(A) then Hammurabi wrote
(B) Hammurabi wrote
(C) Hammurabi’s wrote
(D) Hammurabi, who wrote
4. Verb or Verb Phrase
The focus is on the verb. The specific testing point might be verb tense, verb agreement, or passive voice. You often have to decide whether the sentence needs a single verb or part of a clause.
EXAMPLE:
In 1776, when the Declaration of Independence _________, the United States became a new country.
(A) signed
(B) that signed
(C) was signed
(D) that is signed
5. Adjective/Adjective Phrase/Adjective Clause
The answer is either a single adjective or an adjective that is part of a clause or phrase. This category includes relative pronouns, relative clauses, and adjective participles. The answer often answers the question what kind of?
EXAMPLE:
Like many other men ___________ president, Benjamin Horrison was first a practicing lawyer.
(A) who they run for
(B) they run for
(C) who have run for
(D) run for
6. Conjunction
This category includes conjunctions such as and, both, either, or, neither, nor, but, and for. It also includes other connective words, such as because, in order to, so that, and however.
EXAMPLE:
______________nor animals can survive without oxygen.
(A) Plants can neither
(B) Neither can plants
(C) Plants, neither
(D) Neither plants
7. Parallel Construction
Words are given in a series. They must all be the same part of speech. Often, a comma separates the words or phrases.
EXAMPLE:
Sleeping, resting, __________ are the best ways to care for a cold.
(A) and that drinking fluids
(B) and drinking fluids
(C) which drank fluids
(D) and one drinks fluids
8. Adverb/Adverbial Phrase/Adverbial Clause
The answer is either a single adverb or an adverb that is part of a phrase or clause. This category also includes relative adverbs and adverbial participles. The words often answer the question how, when, where, or why.
EXAMPLES:
A ray swims rapidly ___________broad winglike appendages.
(A) by flapping its
(B) its flapping
(C) of the flapping
(D) the flap
____________very hungry, he bought a hamburger.
(A) feeling
(B) Feel
(C) He felt
(D) To feel
9. Comparison
EXAMPLE:
The greater ______________increase in population, the harder it is for people to find adequate housing.
(A) of
(B) is the
(C) the
(D) is of the
10. Infinitive/Gerund
The main testing point is between an infinitive (a verb phrase beginning with the word to) and a gerund (a verb used as a noun, ending in –ing)
EXAMPLE:
Impressionist artists tended ___________ imagination and light more important than faithful reproduction of objects.
(A) considering
(B) be consider
(C) consider to
(D) to consider
11. Preposition/Prepositional Phrase
The answer is either a single preposition or a preposition in a phrase. You must choose the correct form of the preposition or the correct form of the noun following the preposition.
EXAMPLE:
Excessive absenteeism results ___________problems for the schools.
(A) in
(B) with
(C) for
(D) to
12. Superlative
EXAMPLE:
Of all the national parks in the United States, Yellowstone is _________visited.
(A) one of the most
(B) most
(C) one most
(D) the most one
13. Negative Words
The main testing point is often the difference among no, not, none, nothing, or nobody.
EXAMPLE:
____________two fingerprints are identical.
(A) Nor
(B) No
(C) None
(D) Not
14. Conditional
The conditional might begin with the word if or a phrase like ………had it not been for.
EXAMPLE:
_________the ozone layer were destroyed, most living things would disappear from the Earth in a few years.
(A) Besides
(B) If
(C) So
(D) For
15. Pronoun
You must choose the correct pronoun from among other pronouns. Sometimes the pronouns are in short phrases.
EXAMPLE:
Ducks have webbed feet that enable ___________ swim fast, even in strong currents.
(A) they
(B) its
(C) to their
(D) them to
Likes and dislikes
6. Exercise
A. Make sentences using I prefer something to something else or I prefer to do something than
1. (Bandung/Jakarta) I prefer Bandung to jakarta
2. (calling people/writing letters) I prefer calling people rather than writing letters
3. (going to cinema/watching televisions) I prefer going to cinema rather than watching television
4. I prefer to phone rather than write
5. I prefer to go to campus rather than go to mal
B. Make sentences using I’d pfrefer…rather than…or I’d rather…than…
1. (go for a swim/play tennis) I’d rather go for swim than play tennis
2. (read a book/watch TV) I’d prefer read a book to watch tv
3. (eat at home/go to a restaurant) I’d rather eat at home than go to restaurant
4. (wait for a few minutes/leave now)i'd rather wait for a few minutes than leave now
5. (study English/study Italian) i prefer study english to study italian
Day 6 Leisure Time
6. Exercises
A. Complete these sentences using –ing or to infinitive
1. Do you mind traveling(travel) such a long way to work every day?
2. Would you like to come(come) to my party?
3. John intends to buy(buy) kolak pisang
4. I agrre watering(water) the garden.
5. She loves to eat(eat) chocolates.
LESSON 1
Introducing and Describing Ourselves
WELCOME TO CLASS
Exercise 1.1
Put in “am”, “is”, or “are” where necessary
1. It _________ IS ________ midnight now in London.
2. The room ______ IS __________ has 3 windows and 2 doors.
3. I _______AM__________ get hungry easily. I must eat 5 times a day.
4. The couples ________ARE________ happy now that they _____ARE________ have a new house to live in.
5. What ________IS_______ in your bag? It _______IS_____ looks too heavy for you.
6. Where do you _____________ live?
7. My name ________IS______ Annie. I _____AM______ live near here.
8. There _____ARE_______ six different languages in Great Britain and Ireland: English, Welsh, Scots Gaelic, Irish Gaelic, Manx, and Cornish.
9. Mum ______IS________ sick, she cannot meet you now.
10. Hello, _________IS___________ this Anwar?
Exercise 1.2
A. Say whether these sentences are correct or wrong.
1. My professor nice and smiley.
My professor is nice and smiley
2. It very compassionate of you to say so.
It is very compassionate of you to say so
3. My intention clear.
My intention is clear
4. I want a red car, a very red car! This not red.
I want a red car, a very red car! this is not red
5. Babies cute everywhere. (W)
Babies are cute everywhere
6. I here, you there. (W)
I am here, you there
7. We both dark and tall.(W)
We are both dark and tall
8. Charlie a nice guy. (W)
Charlie is a nice guy
9. Flowers fragrant and fragile. (W)
Flowers are fragrant and fragile
10. I like trees. They strong.
I like trees. They are strong
11. Africa a big continent.
Africa is a big continent
12. Mary Ann an active lady.
Mary Ann is an active lady
13. not in fifth grade.
Is not in fifth grade
14. My car blue.
My car is blue
15. They German.
They are German
16. My fiancé very compassionate.
My fiancé is very compassionate
17. There a big tower in London.
There is a big tower in london
18. Half of the people in the world hungry.
Half of the people in the world is hungry
19. Elephants wild animals.
Elephants are wild animals
20. Dentists clean people.
Dentists are clean people
